The location of Fort Caroline is subject to debate, but a reconstruction of the fort was established in 1964 along the St.
Augustine became the most important European settlement in Florida. The Spanish renamed the fort as San Mateo and, following the expulsion of the French, St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, and killed nearly all the French soldiers defending it. On September 20, 1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to protect the interests of Spain by attacking the French at Fort Caroline. Johns River, Fort Caroline, near the main village of the Saturiwa.
In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement on the St. Ribault erected a stone column at his landing site near the river's mouth, claiming the newly discovered land for France. Johns River, calling it the River of May because that was the month of his discovery. In 1562, French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. One early French map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville this may be the earliest recorded name for that area. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. In the 16th century, the beginning of the historical era, the region was inhabited by the Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people. On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BCE. The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. Main articles: New France, French Florida, Fort Caroline, Spanish assault on French Florida, Spanish Florida, and East Florida Replica of Jean Ribault's column claiming Florida for France in 1562 People from Jacksonville are sometimes called "Jacksonvillians" or "Jaxsons" (also spelled "Jaxons"). As with much of Florida, tourism is important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf. Significant factors in the local economy include services such as banking, insurance, healthcare and logistics. Jacksonville's military bases and the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay form the third largest military presence in the United States. Marine Corps Blount Island Command, and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida's third largest seaport. Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport, Naval Air Station Jacksonville, the U.S.
Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port. A platted town was established there in 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain it was named after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States. Under British rule, a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed, known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people, and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeastern Florida, about 12 miles (19 kilometers) south of the Georgia state line (25 mi or 40 km to the urban core/downtown) and 350 miles (560 km) north of Miami. With a population of 1,733,937, the Jacksonville metropolitan area ranks as Florida's fourth-largest metropolitan region. As of July 2022, Jacksonville's population is 971,319, making it the most populous city in the Southeastern United States and the largest in the South outside the state of Texas. Consolidation greatly increased its population relative to its extended size which placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits. It is the seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Jacksonville is a city located on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida, the most populous city proper in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States as of 2020.
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